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image:Samuel_Morland.jpg
Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or
Moreland, was a notable
England academic, diplomat, spy,
inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a
polymath credited with early developments in relation to
computing, hydraulics and steam power.
Education
The son of Thomas Morland, the rector of Sulhamstead parish church in Berkshire, he was educated at
Winchester School and
Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1649 and devoted much time to the study of
mathematics. He also became an accomplished
Latinist and was proficient in
Greek language,
Hebrew language and French language – then the language of culture and diplomacy. While a tutor at Cambridge, he first encountered Samuel Pepys who became a lifelong acquaintance.
Diplomat
A keen follower of public affairs, he left Cambridge and entered public service. He undertook a trip to
Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actions taken against the
Waldensians by the Duke of Savoy. He remained in
Geneva for some time in an ambassadorial role, and also wrote a book:
The History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piemont (1658).
Spy
However, while serving as secretary to
John Thurloe, a Commonwealth of England official in charge of
espionage, Morland became disillusioned with the Government of the Commonwealth (allegedly after learning of a plot by Sir Richard Willis (spy), Thurloe and
Richard Cromwell to assassinate the future King Charles II of England). As a double agent, Morland began to work towards the English Restoration, engaging in espionage and cryptography – activities that later helped him enter the King's service.
Inventor
On
18 July 1660 he was created a baronet and given a minor role at court, but his principal source of income came from applying his knowledge of mathematics and hydraulics to construct and maintain various machines. These included:
- “water-engines”, an early kind of water pump. He was, for example, engaged on projects to improve the water supply to Windsor Castle, during which time he patented (c. 1675) a 'plunger pump' capable of "raising great quantities of water with far less proportion of strength than can be performed by a Chain or other Pump." He also experimented with using gunpowder to make a vacuum that would suck in water (in effect the first internal combustion engine) and worked on ideas for a steam engine. Morland's pumps were developed for numerous domestic, marine and industrial applications, such as wells, draining ponds or mines, and fire fighting.
- a non-decimal adding machine (working with English pounds, shillings and pence)
- a machine that made trigonometry calculations
- an 'arithmetical machine' by which the four fundamental rules of arithmetic were readily worked "without charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or exposing the operations to any uncertainty" (regarded by some as the world's first multiplying machine, an example is in the Science Museum in South Kensington).
- in 1666, he also obtained a patent for making metal fire-hearths
- in 1671 he claimed credit for inventing the speaking trumpet, an early form of megaphone.
- He later won a contract to provide mirrors to the King and to erect and maintain the King’s printing press.
- In 1681, he was appointed magister mechanicorum (master of mechanics) to the King for his work on the water system at Windsor.
- He also corresponded with Pepys about naval gun-carriages, designed a machine to weigh ship's anchors, developed new forms of barometers, and designed a cryptographic machine.
From 1677, he lived in the Vauxhall area of central London, moving to a house in
Hammersmith in 1684. He began to go blind, losing his sight in about 1692. Three years later, he died 30 December
1695 and was buried on
6 January 1696 in Hammersmith Church.
image:Samuel_Morland.jpgSir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December
1695), or
Moreland, was a notable
England academic,
diplomat, spy,
inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing,
hydraulics and steam power.
Education
The son of Thomas Morland, the rector of
Sulhamstead parish church in
Berkshire, he was educated at Winchester School and
Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1649 and devoted much time to the study of mathematics. He also became an accomplished Latinist and was proficient in Greek language, Hebrew language and
French language – then the language of culture and diplomacy. While a tutor at Cambridge, he first encountered Samuel Pepys who became a lifelong acquaintance.
Diplomat
A keen follower of public affairs, he left Cambridge and entered public service. He undertook a trip to Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by
Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actions taken against the
Waldensians by the Duke of Savoy. He remained in
Geneva for some time in an ambassadorial role, and also wrote a book:
The History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piemont (1658).
Spy
However, while serving as secretary to
John Thurloe, a Commonwealth of England official in charge of espionage, Morland became disillusioned with the Government of the Commonwealth (allegedly after learning of a plot by Sir Richard Willis (spy), Thurloe and Richard Cromwell to assassinate the future King
Charles II of England). As a
double agent, Morland began to work towards the English Restoration, engaging in espionage and cryptography – activities that later helped him enter the King's service.
Inventor
On 18 July 1660 he was created a baronet and given a minor role at court, but his principal source of income came from applying his knowledge of mathematics and hydraulics to construct and maintain various machines. These included:
- “water-engines”, an early kind of water pump. He was, for example, engaged on projects to improve the water supply to Windsor Castle, during which time he patented (c. 1675) a 'plunger pump' capable of "raising great quantities of water with far less proportion of strength than can be performed by a Chain or other Pump." He also experimented with using gunpowder to make a vacuum that would suck in water (in effect the first internal combustion engine) and worked on ideas for a steam engine. Morland's pumps were developed for numerous domestic, marine and industrial applications, such as wells, draining ponds or mines, and fire fighting.
- a non-decimal adding machine (working with English pounds, shillings and pence)
- a machine that made trigonometry calculations
- an 'arithmetical machine' by which the four fundamental rules of arithmetic were readily worked "without charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or exposing the operations to any uncertainty" (regarded by some as the world's first multiplying machine, an example is in the Science Museum in South Kensington).
- in 1666, he also obtained a patent for making metal fire-hearths
- in 1671 he claimed credit for inventing the speaking trumpet, an early form of megaphone.
- He later won a contract to provide mirrors to the King and to erect and maintain the King’s printing press.
- In 1681, he was appointed magister mechanicorum (master of mechanics) to the King for his work on the water system at Windsor.
- He also corresponded with Pepys about naval gun-carriages, designed a machine to weigh ship's anchors, developed new forms of barometers, and designed a cryptographic machine.
From 1677, he lived in the
Vauxhall area of central London, moving to a house in Hammersmith in 1684. He began to go blind, losing his sight in about 1692. Three years later, he died 30 December
1695 and was buried on
6 January 1696 in Hammersmith Church.
Samuel Morland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was a notable English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath ...
Berkshire History: Biographies: Sir Samuel Morland (1625-1695)
RBH Home Maps & Travels Articles Legends Towns & Villages Castles & Houses Churches Biographies Gentry Family History Odds & Ends Mail David
Samuel Morland : Oxford Biography Index entry
The Oxford Biography Index is an authoritative and accurate index of notable people – their names, their dates, and their fields of activity.
M: Morland, Samuel, 1625-95
Subjects. M / Morland, Samuel, 1625-95 Showing all records. Show records with pictures only. Displaying records 1 to 1 of 1 records 1 PAD2661 Samuel Morlandius Sermi Dni ...
Berkshire History: The Inventions of Sir Samuel Morland
RBH Home Maps & Travels Articles Legends Towns & Villages Castles & Houses Churches Biographies Gentry Family History Odds & Ends Mail David
Samuel Morland
Samuel Morland Born: 30-Dec-1625 Died: 26-Dec-1695 Of Sulhamstead, Berkshire Died Hammersmith, Middlesex Burial: 9 Jan 1696. Occupation: Inventor & Spy
SSPL Prints - Sir Samuel Morland, English diplomatist, mathematician ...
Sir Samuel Morland, English diplomatist, mathematician and inventor, c 1660. Engraving by Pierre Lombart after a painting by Sir Peter Lely. Samuel Morland (1625-1695) was educated ...
SSPL Prints - Sir Samuel Morland, English diplomatist, mathematician ...
Sir Samuel Morland, English diplomatist, mathematician and inventor, c 1660. Engraving by Burnet Reading after a painting by Sir Peter Lely (1618-1680). Samuel Morland (1625-1695 ...
Samuel Morlandius Sermi Dni Protectoris Ad Regem Galliae Ducemq ...
PAD2661 Samuel Morlandius Sermi Dni Protectoris Ad Regem Galliae Ducemq Sabaudiae de Rebus Vallensium Internuntius et Deinde Extra Ordine Commissarius PAD2661 Samuel Morland 1625 ...
Sir Samuel Morland (Pepys' Diary)
The diaries of Samuel Pepys from London, UK in the 17th century ... If you would like to write a summary for this topic, email phil [at] gyford [dot] com
